Course Title: Fundamentals of Geography
Geography is a systematic study of the Earth’s surface, physical features, human activities and the interaction between humans and the environment. The word geography is derived from the Greek words Geo (Earth) and Graphien (to describe).
Geography is both a natural science and a social science. It studies natural phenomena such as landforms, climate, vegetation and water bodies, as well as human aspects like population, settlements, agriculture and industries.
Thus, geography has a wide scope and plays an important role in sustainable development and environmental planning.
Physical Geography deals with the study of natural features and processes of the Earth. It focuses on physical elements that shape the planet.
Physical Geography helps in understanding natural hazards, climate change and resource management.
Human Geography studies human population, culture, settlements and economic activities in relation to the environment. It examines how humans adapt to and modify their surroundings.
Human geography is essential for policy-making and sustainable development.
A region is an area with common characteristics that distinguish it from other areas. Regions may be physical, cultural or economic.
Regional analysis helps geographers understand spatial patterns and variations.
Geography plays a vital role in addressing modern issues such as climate change, urbanization, disaster management and resource conservation.
It helps planners, environmentalists and policy-makers take informed decisions for sustainable development.